AP Biology Evolution Unit

A frameshift mutation could result from

• a base insertion only.

• either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

• a base deletion only.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve the organismʹs survival in which of the following ways?

• allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions

• organizing gene expression so that genes are expressed in a given order

• allowing environmental changes to alter the prokaryoteʹs genome

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NGSS.HS-LS4-5

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

• be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis.

• have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?

• to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites

• to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA

Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication?

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• primase

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction because

• DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3ʹ end

• Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction.

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

• A process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

• A random change in allele frequencies in a population

• The movement of individuals into or out of a population

• The formation of new species from existing species

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What is the primary mechanism by which evolution occurs?

• Genetic drift

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

• Mutation

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?

• The wings of a bat and the wings of a butterfly

• The flippers of a whale and the wings of a bird

• The forelimbs of a human and the wings of a bat

• The tail fin of a shark and the tail fin of a dolphin

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

In a population of beetles, a mutation causes some beetles to be green instead of brown. If birds prefer to eat brown beetles, what is likely to happen to the green beetle population over time?

• The green beetle population will decrease

• The green beetle population will increase

• The green beetle population will remain the same

• The green beetle population will become extinct

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-5