Thermal Energy Test

A student places a metal spoon at room temperature in a cup of hot cocoa. Which is the best prediction for what happens to the temperature of the spoon and how energy is transferred?

• The spoon will get colder because thermal energy will be transferred from the spoon to the hot cocoa through conduction when particles collide.

• The spoon will get colder because thermal energy will be transferred from the spoon to the hot cocoa through convection when particles move.

• The spoon will heat up because thermal energy will be transferred from the hot cocoa to the spoon through conduction when particles collide.

• The spoon will heat up because thermal energy will be transferred between the hot cocoa and the spoon as radiation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A student performed an investigation using a container of water with a heat source underneath. He measured the temperature of the water at various locations and created the model in the picture based on his results. Look at the image of their model. What do the arrows show?

• Convection currents. The particles in the liquid move freely, so when the liquid is heated, it rises, cools, and begins to sink again. This results in thermal energy transfer.

• Convection currents. The particles in the liquid touch other particles and cause thermal energy to be transferred without particle movement.

• Radiation. The particles in the liquid absorb energy and then release this energy in all directions.

• Conduction. The particles in the liquid move freely, so when it is heated they rise and then drop as they cool. This results in thermal energy transfer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

José is investigating how color affects the transfer of thermal energy. He took three containers that were identical except for their color, and he put a thermometer inside each container. Then, he placed each container in front of a heat lamp. After 30 minutes, José checked the thermometers and found that each container had reached a different temperature. What do these results indicate about the way energy was transferred in each container?

• The different colors absorb the same amount of energy that is conducted from the heat lamp to the materials.

• The different colors absorb the same amount of radiation from the heat lamp.

• Only one color absorbs the different amounts of energy that is conducted from the heat lamp to the materials.

• The different colors absorb different amounts of radiation from the heat lamp.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A group of students is investigating how thermal energy is lost from a person’s body in cold weather. One student sits in a warm classroom for one hour and then sits outside on a cold winter day. Which of the following correctly pairs A, B, and C with the thermal energy transfer process and explains how the student’s thermal energy is lost during each one?

• A: Conduction - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the cold air.

  B: Convection - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the surrounding air.

  C: Radiation - Heat is emitted from the student's body to the environment.

• A: Convection - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the surrounding air.

  B: Radiation - Heat is emitted from the student's body to the environment.

  C: Conduction - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the cold air.

• A: Radiation - Heat is emitted from the student's body to the environment.

  B: Conduction - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the cold air.

  C: Convection - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the surrounding air.

Ivani wonders how a refrigerator stays cold inside. ANALYZE the illustration to determine which process helps in transferring thermal energy out of a refrigerator through the coils?

• Convection

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Evaporation

Look at the image of the liquid and the block. What will happen when the block is placed into the liquid?

• Energy will transfer from the liquid to the block because thermal energy moves from warmer temperatures to cooler temperatures.

• Energy will transfer from the liquid to the block because thermal energy moves from more massive substances to less massive substances.

• Energy will transfer from the block to the liquid because thermal energy moves from cooler temperatures to warmer temperatures.

• Energy will transfer from the block to the liquid because thermal energy moves from more massive substances to less massive substances.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

The image shows an investigation that used ice cubes placed on two different blocks at different time intervals. How is thermal energy being transferred during each time interval, and how does this differ between the two blocks?

• Thermal energy is transferred from the ice to the blocks, causing the ice to melt faster on Block B.

• Thermal energy is transferred from the blocks to the ice, causing the ice to melt faster on Block A.

• Thermal energy is transferred equally to both blocks, causing the ice to melt at the same rate.

• No thermal energy is transferred, so the ice remains unchanged on both blocks.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A teacher performs a demonstration for their class using a metal ball and ring like the one in the picture. The teacher asks the students to explain what happens to the ball from step 1 to step 3. Which explanation is the best?

• The particles in the ball gained kinetic energy when the temperature increased, and this caused them to spread out and increase the size of the ball.

• The particles in the ball gained kinetic energy when the temperature increased, and this caused each particle to increase in size, so the ball expanded.

• The particles in the ball lost kinetic energy to the air when the temperature increased, which caused the particles to spread out and make the ball larger.

• The heat added particles to the ball, which made the ball increase in size.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

How did the energy of the water particles change over the course of the 5 minutes when a student places a pot of water on the stove and turns the stove on high until the water is boiling?

• The thermal energy and kinetic energy of the water particles increased, raising the temperature.

• The thermal energy decreased while the kinetic energy remained the same, lowering the temperature.

• The kinetic energy decreased, but the thermal energy increased, keeping the temperature constant.

• The thermal energy and kinetic energy both decreased, lowering the temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Marta wants to investigate how energy is transferred in the oceans. She has a tub filled with cold water and adds thermal energy to the bottom on one side. In order to determine how energy is transferred, she should measure the _____ of the water at different locations in the tub because thermal energy is transferred through __________. Which of the following terms best complete the paragraph?

• mass; radiation

• temperature; convection

• volume; conduction

• weight; radiation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-5