Toulmin Argument

an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments using British philosopher's temple: "Because (evidence of support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservations:

• Rogerian argument

• Toulmin model

• Kennedy method

• Chillin' with Churchill

a method of informal logic. Describes the key components of an argument as the claim, reason, warrant, backing, and grounds.

• inductive reasoning

• deductive reasoning

• classical oration

• Toulmin argument

a statement that asserts a belief or truth. In arguments, most claims require supporting evidence. The claim is a key component in toulmin argument.

• deductive reasoning

• classical oration

• Toulmin argument

• claim

in Toulmin argument, the statement (expressed or implied) that establishes the logical connection between a claim and its supporting reason.

• claims

• evidence

• authorities

• warrant

in Toulmin argument, a statement that links a claim to a supporting reason.

• backing

• qualifiers

• conditions of rebuttal

• enthymeme

in Toulmin argument, the evidence provided to support a warrant

• evidence

• authorities

• warrant

• backing

words or phrases that limit the scope of a claim: usually, in a few cases; under these circumstances

• evidence

• authorities

• warrant

• qualifier

in Toulmin argument, potential objections to an argument. Writers need to anticipate such conditions in shaping their arguments

• warrant

• backing

• qualifiers

• conditions of rebuttal

what word should be next to claim?

• so

• since

• because

• why

what word should be next to warrant?

• since

• so

• why

• because