The Labor Movement

What is the purpose of Labor Day?

• To have a day off of work and school

• To honor the working people of America

• To honor the President

• To celebrate the end of summer

The first Labor Day celebration in the United States was celebrated in which of the following states?

• North Carolina

• Nebraska

• New York

• Texas

Labor Day is a Federal holiday?

• True

• False

a form of protest in which a group of employees stops working until their employer agrees to their demands.

• movement

• Labor Day

• strike

• union

Analyze the song lyrics below. "We mean to make things over, we are tired of toil for naught, With but bare enough to live upon, and never an hour for thought; We want to feel the sunshine, and we want to smell the flowers, We are sure that God has will'd it, and we mean to have eight hours. We're summoning our forces from the shipyard, shop and mill, Chorus. Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will!" — I.G. Blanchard, "Eight Hours, 1878 During the late 1800s, which group would have expressed the goals of these lyrics?

• organizers of labor unions

• sharecroppers following the Civil War

• Grangers demanding railroad regulation

• owners of big businesses

Why did presidents and governors use military force during labor-management conflicts in the late 19th century?

• in order to support industrialists and end strikes

• in order to make employers sign collective bargaining agreements

• in order to protect workers from the private armies of employers

• in order to replace striking factory workers with soldiers

Why were many Americans opposed to labor unions in the late 1800s?

• They believed unions were controlled by violent extremists.

• They felt working conditions did not need to be improved.

• They believed the government should implement wage controls.

• They supported socialism as a way to equalize people.

In the late 1800s, why were the Homestead Steel Strike and the Pullman Railcar Strike unsuccessful?

• The federal government only supported business owners.

• Most workers refused to take part in the strike.

• The Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal.

• Factory owners hired children to replace the striker

Which of the following methods would be embraced by a union leader?

• Child labor

• Collective bargaining

• Lockouts

• Laissez-faire economics

In the 1890s, which of the following were results of increased industrialization in the United States? (Choose ALL that apply)

• lower wages for factory workers

• longer hours and unsafe working conditions for factory workers

• overcrowded housing in the cities

• women and children added to the workforce