The form of the columns in the hypostyle hall was intended to recall the

• dense clusters of papyrus reeds on the Nile

• statuesque figures of the pharaoh and his family

• palm trees that grow near desert oases

• celestial rays that emanate from the crown of Amun-Re

Which of the following statements is true of both the Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur and the Palette of King Narmer?

• They portray dynastic succession.

• They celebrate military victory.

• They designate the king as a sun god.

• They depict an enemy’s military banner.

In the geographical region, the evolution in form from earlier tombs to the architectural complex shown most likely resulted from a desire to

• emulate the monumental tombs of foreign rulers

• innovate by using new materials to ease the process of creating such buildings

• provide space for an army to protect the ruler in the afterlife

• heighten the symbolic association with the Sun

The work was made in

• Egypt

• Assyria

• Persia

• Mycenae

The work shown can be attributed to which of the following ancient Mediterranean cultures?

• Egyptian

• Neo-Assyrian

• Greek

• Etruscan

The visual organization of the work is meant to suggest a

• solemn procession as part of a civic ceremony

• sequence of successive events in an important narrative

• contrast between orderly control and chaotic drama

• strict hierarchy between the relative importance of the figures

In its original function, the work is most similar to the

• Palette of King Narmer

• Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx

• Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

• sculpture of Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters

The work serves to legitimize the

• invasion of neighboring city-states

• king's right to rule

• institution of monotheism

• authority of the priests

In the work shown, features of different animals were combined for the purpose of creating

• a symbolic representation of a kingdom that was made through uniting separate realms

• an imposing mythical creature that was meant to safeguard the entrance to a royal complex

• the personification of a multifaceted deity to be placed inside the shrine of a temple complex

• the symbolic portrait of a king as protector and defender of stability in the realm

In Egypt and Mesopotamia, relief figures were often carved in

• terra-cotta

• the black-figure style

• registers

• caldaria