Public Education

"Public education" is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ________:

• Extensive federal funding.

• Tuition free.

• Accountable to public authorities.

• Accessible to all students.

In the 1600s, religious values and resources impacted the curriculum, schools and grade levels. Children were lucky to receive an education beyond elementary school. "_____________________ and _____________________ usually fixed a child's options." Children from [affluent] families had access to a "classical" education..., and in striking contrast, "children of farmers and day workers were lucky to receive the most rudimentary education."

_{(from, "Why We Still Need Public Education, 1996)}

• Gender.

• Social class.

• Income

• Ethnicity.

Choose all that apply.

Reformers saw that "public schools would ____________.

"A public investment in education would ultimately benefit everyone, they maintained, and would make schools accountable to the American people."

_{(from, "Why We Still Need Public Education, 1996)}

• Transform children into moral, literate and productive citizens.

• Eliminate poverty and crime.

• Quell class conflict.

• Unify a more ethnically diverse population.

By the mid-1800s, mostly all states had common elementary schools. By the early 1900s, [secondary] schools "emerged and compulsory attendance became commonplace until the 20th century. As the U.S. became home to larger and more diverse groups of immigrants, national leaders and education reformers called on the public schools to “Americanize” the new arrivals and make them literate in English. However, the education provided by these schools was far from equal. Schools for African American children were segregated and generally substandard. Schools serving the urban and rural poor often operated in dilapidated facilities with under qualified teachers and overcrowded classrooms. Faced with these realities, reformers turned their attention from access to _______________.'

• Funding.

• Standards.

• Equity.

• Tolerance.

Who said....

"Of all the civil rights for which the world has struggled and fought for 5,000 years, the right to learn is undoubtedly the most fundamental . . . The freedom to learn . . . has been bought by bitter sacrifice. And whatever we may think of the curtailment of other civil rights, we should fight to the last ditch to keep open the right to learn..."

_{(from, "Why We Still Need Public Education, 1996)}

• Frederick Douglass, American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman, 1818.

• Elisabeth D. Devos, United States Secretary of Education since 2017. Republican known for her support for school choice, school voucher programs, and charter schools.

• W. E. B. DuBois, civil rights activist and educator,1949.

• Samuel Moore Walton, American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam's Club, 1948.

Choose all that apply.

"During the 1960s and ‘70s, the federal government enacted a series of laws aimed at improving education for [African American children], poor children, as well as ______________________. These laws brought additional funding to public schools, along with new requirements to meet the special needs of particular groups of students.

_{(from, "Why We Still Need Public Education, 1996)}

• Women and girls.

• Migrant children.

• Students with disabilities.

• Native Americans.

• Limited English proficient children

American public schools have been expected to fulfill certain public missions that go beyond the purely academic purposes of all schools, public and private. These public missions can be characterized by six main themes: To provide universal access to free education To guarantee equal opportunities for all children To unify a diverse population To prepare people for citizenship in a democratic society To prepare people to become economically self-sufficient To improve social conditions Why are you/we here? What do these "missions" mean for you/us? What is the significance of knowing the history of public education history?

• Discussion

• Discussion

Which of the following is a primary goal of public education in the United States?

• To provide universal access to free education

• To promote religious teachings

• To offer private schooling options

• To limit access based on income

In the context of public education, what does the term 'compulsory attendance' refer to?

• Mandatory participation in extracurricular activities

• Required attendance at school until a certain age

• Obligatory involvement in school governance

• Enforced participation in standardized testing

Which landmark case declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional?

• Plessy v. Ferguson

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Roe v. Wade

• Marbury v. Madison