Texas History: Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

What was happening in TX from 1860 - 1900?

• Drilling for oil

• Cattle drives and wars with Indians

• Women and African Americans fighting for civil rights

How did the lifestyle of American Indians change after the Civil War?

• Tribes were removed to reservations

• Tribes switched to farming

• Tribes experienced drought and famine

Which nickname was given to the African American regiments of the U.S. Army that helped to keep peace among American Indians in the West after the Civil War?

• Bucktails

• Buffalo Soldiers

• Screaming Eagles

● I was the son of an American woman captured by the Comanches.

● I was the last Chief of the Comanches.

● My tribe roamed West Texas.

● I eventually assimilated into American culture and influenced other American Indians to do so.

Who am I?

• Iron Jacket

• Quanah Parker

• John Wallace

In addition to the availability of land, which factor facilitated the settlement of the Texas frontier?

• Demand for beef in the east

• Building a fort in West Texas

• Introduction of new cattle breeds

How did the end of the Civil War affect the cattle industry?

• The demand for beef in the East brought rapid growth to the industry

• Much of the land used for grazing was destroyed in the war.

• Farmers had to move west and take land needed for grazing.

As railroad mileage increased, what happened?

• American Indian tribes were relocated.

• New cities grew up along the rail lines.

• West Texas’ population grew larger than that of East Texas.

The range wars of the late 1800s in Texas were caused by —

• sharecroppers claiming public lands

• ranchers fencing land with barbed wire

• railroad companies building on American Indian lands

In which region of Texas was most of the cotton industry located

• Panhandle

• East Texas

• Mountains and Basins

• Coastal Plains

Which statement best describes how climate affected economic development in West Texas?

• The region is too dry to support farming, so ranching became more prominent.

• The arid humid conditions made the region perfect for establishing cotton farms.

• Hurricanes damaged farms and railroads built in the area so few businesses located there.