[NEW] Physical Science Quiz 6

Which biological macromolecule primarily serves as the main source of energy for cells?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

What is the monomer of proteins?

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty acids

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

Why do lipids serve as long-term energy storage molecules instead of carbohydrates?

• Lipids are more soluble in water than carbohydrates

• Lipids have more energy per gram due to their hydrocarbon chains

• Lipids contain nitrogen, which stores extra energy

• Lipids break down faster than carbohydrates for immediate energy

How does the structure of DNA allow it to store genetic information?

• Its single-stranded structure allows flexibility for replication

• The sequence of nitrogenous bases provides coded instructions

• The high lipid content of DNA stabilizes its double-helix shape

• The sugar-phosphate backbone acts as a direct template for proteins

A scientist finds an unknown macromolecule that is insoluble in water and serves as a structural component of cell membranes. What type of macromolecule is this?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic acid

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that prevents their cells from properly producing enzymes. What macromolecule is likely affected?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

What is the main structural difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?

• Saturated fats contain only single bonds, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds

• Saturated fats contain nitrogen, while unsaturated fats do not

• Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are solid

• Unsaturated fats contain only single bonds, while saturated fats have double bonds

Why do proteins fold into specific shapes?

• The sequence of amino acids determines interactions that shape the protein

• Proteins are naturally round, regardless of their amino acid sequence

• The protein must form a double-helix structure to function properly

• Proteins contain lipids that help them maintain a rigid shape

A researcher claims that carbohydrates and proteins have similar functions in the body. What is the best counterargument?

• Carbohydrates primarily store genetic information, while proteins provide energy

• Proteins serve as enzymes and structural components, while carbohydrates are mainly energy sources

• Both carbohydrates and proteins serve the same function in different body systems

• Carbohydrates contain nitrogen, making them chemically different from proteins

A food scientist wants to create a new energy bar with a long shelf life. Which macromolecule should be the primary ingredient?

• Proteins, because they provide the most energy per gram

• Carbohydrates, because they are the best for long-term energy storage

• Lipids, because they are energy-dense and do not spoil easily

• Nucleic acids, because they provide genetic information for digestion