Biology Benchmark Study Guide

The main functions of carbohydrates in cells include:

• Energy storage and supply

• Structural support

• Cell signaling

• All of the above

Which of the following is a major structural component of membranes?

• Sugars

• Phospholipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Fill in the blank: Enzymes have an active site that binds with the _______.

• substrate

• enzyme

• product

• cofactor

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reaction they catalyze.

• True

• False

The role of ATP in cellular energy is to:

• store energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds

• act as a structural component of cell membranes

• serve as a genetic material

• function as a hormone

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which process occurs in chloroplasts and involves the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy?

• Cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Fermentation

• Glycolysis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Fill in the blank: The plasma membrane maintains ___________ by regulating what enters and exits the cell.

• homeostasis
• founder effect

• heterozygous

• hydrophilic

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

True or False: Active transport requires ATP to move substances against the concentration gradient.

• True

• False

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of organelles?

• Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

• Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

• Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Which of the following is a characteristic of nucleic acids?

• Store and transmit genetic information

• Speed up chemical reactions

• Provide structural support

• Transport oxygen