Unit 5 Review

How did the French Revolution reflect Enlightenment ideals, and what were its long-term effects on Europe and the world?

• It promoted monarchy and inspired future monarchies worldwide.

• It promoted equality, liberty, and fraternity, inspiring future revolutions and democratic reforms worldwide.

• It focused on economic growth and industrialization, leading to the rise of capitalism.

• It emphasized religious authority and the power of the church.

Compare the causes and outcomes of the American Revolution and the French Revolution. How did Enlightenment ideas play a role in both?

• Both revolutions sought to maintain existing governments and were influenced by religious doctrines.

• Both revolutions aimed to overthrow oppressive governments, with the French Revolution being more radical by abolishing monarchy.

• The American Revolution was inspired by industrialization, while the French Revolution focused on agricultural reforms.

• Enlightenment ideas were irrelevant to both revolutions, which were driven by economic factors alone.

In what ways did the Haitian Revolution challenge the traditional social hierarchies of the Atlantic world?

• It overthrew slavery, challenging racial and class systems in the Americas.

• It reinforced the existing racial and class systems in the Americas.

• It established a new monarchy that upheld traditional social hierarchies.

• It focused solely on economic reforms without addressing social hierarchies.

What role did the Industrial Revolution play in the creation of new elites, and what industries contributed to the rise of these elites?

• The Industrial Revolution had no impact on social classes or elites.

• Industrialists and business owners gained wealth and power, creating a new wealthy class of elites, particularly in textiles and manufacturing.

• Traditional elites maintained their power without any influence from industrialization.

• The rise of agriculture was the primary factor in creating new elites.

Explain how traditional elites (e.g., aristocrats, monarchs) adapted to the economic changes of the 19th century to maintain their power.

• They ignored industrialization and focused solely on agriculture.

• They focused on expanding their territories through military conquest.

• They relinquished all power to the new business elites.

• They invested in industry or maintained power by adjusting to changing economic systems.

How did the rise of business elites influence the development of new economic ideologies, such as capitalism and socialism?

• The rise of business elites had no impact on economic ideologies.

• The rise of business elites promoted capitalism, while worker exploitation led to the rise of socialism.

• Business elites solely supported socialism, leading to its widespread adoption.

• Economic ideologies remained unchanged despite the rise of business elites.

How did industrialization affect living and working conditions for the urban poor in both Europe and the United States?

• It improved living conditions and reduced working hours for the urban poor.

• It resulted in the immediate abolition of child labor.

• It had no significant impact on the urban poor.

• It led to overcrowded cities, long hours, and low wages for workers.

In what ways did industrialization lead to the growth of urbanization, and how did this change society?

• Industrialization had no effect on urbanization or societal changes.

• Urbanization decreased as people moved to rural areas for agricultural work.

• Factory jobs led people to move to cities, growing urban populations and changing family structures.

• Society remained unchanged despite the growth of urbanization.

Discuss the role of child labor and working-class movements in the early industrial era. How did these factors contribute to changes in labor laws?

• Child labor was abolished immediately, and working-class movements had no impact on labor laws.

• Child labor and poor working conditions led to labor laws and worker protections.

• Working-class movements focused solely on political reforms, ignoring labor issues.

• Labor laws were unaffected by child labor and working-class movements.

How did the Enlightenment contribute to the development of liberalism, democracy, and individual rights during the 19th century?

• Enlightenment thinkers promoted individual freedoms, democracy, and equality, influencing political revolutions.

• Enlightenment thinkers promoted monarchy and religious authority.

• The Enlightenment had no impact on political ideologies or individual rights.

• It led to the decline of democratic ideals and the rise of authoritarian regimes.