Chapter 4 (Cellular Metabolism)

What is the definition of metabolism?

• Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

• Breakdown of food in the stomach

• Conversion of energy in the mitochondria

• Absorption of nutrients in the intestines

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What is cellular metabolism?

• Sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

• Breakdown of glucose in the liver

• Conversion of oxygen in the lungs

• Absorption of water in the kidneys

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Which type of metabolic reaction involves building small molecules into larger ones?

• Anabolism

• Catabolism

• Metabolism

• Photosynthesis

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What does catabolism do in metabolic reactions?

• Breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones; releases energy

• Builds larger molecules from smaller ones; requires energy

• Converts light energy into chemical energy

• Absorbs nutrients from the digestive tract

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What must be carefully controlled in cells to maintain balance?

• Rates of catabolism and anabolism

• Rates of photosynthesis and respiration

• Rates of diffusion and osmosis

• Rates of mitosis and meiosis

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What can happen if there are imbalances in reaction rates within a cell?

• The cell can become more efficient

• The cell can grow faster

• The cell can be damaged or killed

• The cell can divide more rapidly

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What role do enzymes play in metabolic reactions?

• They slow down reaction rates

• They control rates of both catabolic and anabolic reactions

• They decrease energy production

• They inhibit metabolic processes

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What is the relationship between energy loss and energy gain in metabolic reactions?

• Energy loss is greater than energy gain

• Energy loss is less than energy gain

• Energy loss equals energy gain

• Energy loss is unrelated to energy gain

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What is the primary function of enzymes in chemical reactions?

• They are consumed in the reaction.

• They increase the activation energy.

• They lower the activation energy.

• They decrease the rate of reactions.

What type of proteins are enzymes?

• Fibrous proteins

• Globular proteins

• Membrane proteins

• Structural proteins