Lesson 13, Sections 2–4 Review 2024–2025

Which of these accurately reflects Martin Luther’s opinions in his Ninety-Five Theses?

• The Catholic Church should allow priests to marry.

• Salvation comes from faith alone, not from indulgences.

• The Pope should have more authority in political matters.

• Only the wealthy should access religious texts.

Why did the Catholic Church consider Galileo’s support of the heliocentric theory heretical?

• It contradicted the writings of ancient Greek philosophers.

• It claimed that Earth did not rotate on its axis.

• It contradicted Church teachings about the universe.

• It dismissed the role of observation in scientific studies.

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that people had the right to overthrow a government that failed to protect their natural rights?

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Adam Smith

How did the Reformation encourage the Scientific Revolution?

• It unified Europe under a single church, promoting scientific collaboration.

• It inspired questioning of traditional authority, including religious teachings.

• It led to the immediate development of the scientific method.

• It focused on using ancient Greek texts without questioning their accuracy.

Which of the following was a key feature of John Calvin’s Reformed Church?

• emphasis on indulgences and confessions

• belief in predestination and strict moral discipline

• support for the Catholic Church’s authority

• promotion of lavish church decorations

What was the significance of the Diet of Worms in the Reformation?

• It began a series of religious conflicts in Europe.

• It was where Luther was told to recant his views.

• It banned the sale of indulgences in the Church.

• It established the Anglican Church in England.

How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the spread of the Reformation?

• It allowed the Catholic Church to print more indulgences.

• It enabled faster communication between monarchs and the Pope.

• It helped spread Martin Luther’s ideas quickly across Europe.

• It led to the discovery of the heliocentric theory.

Which Enlightenment thinker argued that self-interest in the marketplace benefits society as a whole?

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

• Adam Smith

• Baron de Montesquieu

Which of the following best describes the Baroque style that emerged during the Counter-Reformation?

• simple and unadorned, reflecting strict Protestant beliefs

• focused on mathematical precision and logic

• lavish and emotional, designed to inspire religious devotion

• geometric and abstract, avoiding religious themes

What was one of the main reasons King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England?

• He wanted to reform corrupt Church practices.

• He wanted more control over the Church and its wealth

• He disagreed with the Church’s view on science.

• He wanted to eliminate religious rituals and practices.