Who was the sixteenth century astronomer that introduced the idea of a sun-centered solar system, which was later validated by the observations of Galileo?

• Johannes Kepler

• Tycho Brahe

• Galileo Galilei

• Nicolaus Copernicus

What was a key factor that led to the Scientific Revolution in sixteenth-century Europe?

• Development and sharing of new astronomical theories

• Establishment of modern accounting practices

• Founding of a maritime navigation school by Prince Henry

• Advancement in agricultural techniques

How did the Renaissance influence the relationship between religious and secular authorities?

• The Renaissance led to a stronger alliance between the Catholic Church and secular rulers.

• The Renaissance weakened the political power of the Catholic Church, leading to more secular governance.

• Renaissance thinkers promoted religious unity, strengthening the Catholic Church's influence.

• The Renaissance resulted in larger church buildings to accommodate growing congregations.

What was one significant political impact of the Reformation in Europe?

• Nobles chose sides between Catholicism and Protestantism, leading to conflicts.

• Eastern Europe fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

• Protestant theocracies replaced existing monarchies.

• The Pope gained influence as a political advisor to European rulers.

What was the primary motivation for European powers to establish colonies in Southeast Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

• Desire for timber resources for shipbuilding

• Access to a labor force for plantations

• Interest in the lucrative spice trade

• Exploration for potential oil deposits

What role did the printing press play in the spread of Reformation ideas?

• It allowed the Catholic Church to distribute indulgences more widely.

• It enabled the mass production of the Bible in local languages, fostering

  criticism of the Church.

• It was used to print scientific works that challenged Church teachings.

• It helped in the creation of detailed maps for explorers.

Robert Boyle's contributions in the seventeenth century were pivotal to the development of which scientific discipline?

• chemistry

• physics

• biology

• medicine

Which sixteenth century Italian book offers enduring insights into the nature of political

leadership?

• The Praise of Folly

• Julius Caesar

• Canterbury Tales

• The Prince

What was the significant impact of the Act of Supremacy of 1534 on the religious structure in England?

• It established the Archbishop of Canterbury as the supreme religious authority in England

• It facilitated the introduction of Lutheran doctrines into English churches

• It declared the English monarch as the supreme head of the Church of England

• It safeguarded English monasteries from the influence of the Pope

The intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements during the European Renaissance is known as —

• reformation

• humanism

• renaissance

• enlightenment