The contributions of the ancient civilizations of Ghana, Axum, Kush, and Mali demonstrate that

• many African civilizations developed in southern Africa

• most of the African Continent was unified under a single political system

• advanced societies developed in Africa before Europeans colonized this region

The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai prospered primarily due to their

• exchanges with Indian ports

• control of trade routes

• direct access to the Arabian Sea

The trans-Saharan trade carried out by West African civilizations was primarily based on an

exchange of

• gold and salt

• ivory and silk

• silver and tea

Which term best completes the partial outline below?

I. Rise of Civilizations of Ghana and Mali

A. Trade of Gold and Salt

B.

C. Development of centers of learning

• Use of gunpowder

• Spread of Islam

• Distribution of the printing press

Which civilization is most directly associated with these descriptions?

o Conquered Ghana

o Experienced a golden age under Mansa Musa

o Built mosques and schools in Timbuktu

• Benin

• Kush

• Mali

Which achievement is most closely associated with Mansa Musa of Mali?

• an increase in the influence of Islam and Islamic culture

• the discovery of diamonds in the Congo

• the defeat and capture of Cairo

African bronzes are like modern day…

• letters

• photos

• buildings

Griots are…

• singers

• dancers

• storytellers

Griots educated people about…

• Their future

• their history

• their money

Folktales are used to teach…

• young people values

• old people songs

• people to be happy