ТПУС 2

By which action does a catalyst accelerate chemical reactions?

• by producing an intermediate compound

• by increasing the temperature

• by affecting pressure

• by increasing density

Why do we need to accurately refine oil from impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds before using any catalysts (Pt, Pd)?

• because sulfur and nitrogen compounds accelerate catalytic reactions

• because sulfur and nitrogen compounds increase selectivity

• because if there are any sulfur and nitrogen compounds, the catalysts will need regeneration

• because if there are any sulfur and nitrogen compounds, the catalysts will need regeneration

What are the three main properties an effective catalyst should combine?

• high selectivity, high speed, short life-time

• high activity, low mechanical strength, high viscosity

• high stability, high boiling point, low viscosity

• high selectivity, high activity, high stability

Which factors most significantly influence catalyst deactivation in the hydrotreating of pyrolysis bio-oils, and how do they interact to affect long-term process stability?

• Carbon deposition and metal leaching, which synergistically reduce active site availability

• High hydrogen partial pressure, leading to excessive hydrogenation and catalyst sintering

• Increased reactor temperature, which minimizes catalyst fouling but enhances metal poisoning

• Acidic support materials, which prevent coking but accelerate sulfur poisoning

In hydrotreating kinetics, which assumption is commonly made when modeling the reaction rate for sulfur removal?

• A second-order reaction due to the dependency on hydrogen concentration

• A pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to sulfur content

• A zero-order reaction as the reaction rate is independent of concentration

• A Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism where adsorption is the rate-limiting step

Why is increasing hydrogen partial pressure beneficial in deep hydrotreating for ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) production?

• It increases the rate of hydrogenation and shifts equilibrium toward product formation

• It reduces the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

• It decreases the required reactor temperature, improving catalyst stability

• All of the above

Which of the following is a catalytic process in oil refining?

• Visbreaking

• Hydrotreating

• Distillation

• Propane deasphalting

• Blending

What is the primary function of a bifunctional catalyst in hydrocracking?

• Removal of impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen, and metals

• Only cracking large hydrocarbon molecules

• Combining hydrogenation and cracking functions

• Neutralizing acidic impurities in crude oil

• Enhancing the boiling point of hydrocarbons

What type of catalyst is used in hydrocracking?

• Only acidic

• Only metallic

• Biocatalyst

• Bifunctional

• Silicon oxide

Which factor has the greatest influence on the efficiency of catalytic processes in oil refining?

• Color of the crude oil

• Type of catalyst used

• Humidity in the air

• Size of refinery equipment

• Altitude of the refinery location