What are pleadings?

• Oral arguments presented in court

• Documents filed in court stating the parties' claims and defenses

• Evidence presented during trial

• Court orders and decisions

Which of the following is NOT a principal pleading?

• Complaint

• Answer

• Reply

• Motion to Dismiss

What initiates a civil action?

• Answer

• Motion to Dismiss

• Complaint

• Pre-Trial Brief

What is the defendant's primary response to the plaintiff's complaint?

• Reply

• Rejoinder

• Answer

• Counterclaim

A denial that implies an admission of the opposing party's allegations due to its evasive nature is called:

• Specific Denial

• General Denial

• Negative Pregnant

• Affirmative Defense

When is a mere general denial insufficient?

• When denying the due execution and genuineness of a document

• When denying simple allegations of fact

• In all cases

• Never

Defenses that allege new facts that, if proven, constitute a valid defense even if the plaintiff's allegations are true are called:

• Negative Defenses

• Affirmative Defenses

• Specific Denials

• General Denials

What pleading does the plaintiff file in response to new matters raised in the defendant's answer?

• Rejoinder

• Reply

• Counterclaim

• Cross-claim

The defendant's response to new matters raised in the plaintiff's reply is called a:

• Reply

• Counterclaim

• Crossclaim

• Rejoinder

A claim filed by the defendant against the plaintiff in the same action is a:

• Cross-claim

• Third-party complaint

• Counterclaim

• Complaint-in-Intervention