In a statistics course, the instructor gives extra credit points to students who complete optional assignments. In terms of operant conditioning, what happened?

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

A child is throwing a tantrum because they don't want to share their iPad with their sibling. Then, the parent takes away the iPad for the rest of the day. In terms of operant conditioning, what happened?

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Because their kids were so well-behaved, a parent removes the screen-time limit this weekend. In terms of operant conditioning, what happened?

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Because their kids were so poorly-behaved, a parent adds a more strict screen-time limit this weekend. In terms of operant conditioning, what happened?

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Your car makes a beeping sound if you're not wearing your seatbelt. When you buckle your seatbelt, the beeping stops. In terms of operant conditioning, what happened?

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

What is Negative Reinforcement?

• Increasing a behavior by adding something that is good.

• Increasing a behavior by taking away something that is bad.

• Decreasing a behavior by adding something that is bad.

• Decreasing a behavior by taking away something that is good.

The result of reinforcement is to

• cause a behavior to stop

• cause a behavior to diminish.

• cause a behavior to continue.

• cause a behavior to occur for only a limited amount of time.

Operant conditioning is:

• a type of learning in which the frequency of responding depends on consequences.

• a way to describe certain thoughts or cognitions about operations, like problem-solving.

• conditioning that involves pairing unconditioned and conditioned stimuli.

• learning by observing the operations of other people.

Reinforcement is defined as:

• any consequence that decreases the likelihood a behavior will be repeated.

• any consequence that increases the likelihood a behavior will be repeated.

• any stimuli an organism thinks is favorable or pleasurable.

• verbal praise provided after an action.

The best example of secondary reinforcement is:

• money

• food

• water

• attention