3.3.2

Put these uses for coal, based on world consumption, in order from highest percentage to lowest.

• steel manufacturing

• cement plants

• heating

• electrical energy

Which type of coal has the highest carbon content?

• bituminous coal

• lignite

• anthracite

Label each statement as relating to strip mining, open-pit mining, or both.​

Groups:

(a) Open-pit mining

,

(b) Strip mining

,

(c) both

• mining method used to extract coal from the surface

  
  

• conducted on flat terrain

• removes rock, soil, and surface vegetation to expose a seam of coal

  
  

• requires digging a deep pit into the surface to expose coal seams for extraction

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Surface mining

,

(b) Sub-surface mining

• room an pillar mining

• strip mining

• mountaintop removal mining

• open-pit mining

• longwall mining

Coal mining can result in which of the following environmental problems? (select all that apply)

• land disturbance

• soil erosion

• noise pollution

• water pollution

• igneous regurgitation

What are some of the environmental consequences of coal mining? Choose all correct answers.

• alters the way natural water flows 

• disrupts the structure of the landscape 

• disturbs ecosystems 

• diversifies vegetation

• increases rainfall

Match the type of petroleum reserve to the description.

Groups:

(a) Oil Shale

,

(b) Tar Sand

• much of the world’s petroleum is found in the subsurface as this

• can be mined and processed to extract the petroleum-rich bitumen

• extra energy is required to remove oil from this

• are found in the United States, specifically in eastern Utah

• he largest deposits are found in portions of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming

• a sedimentary rock that contains kerogen

• contains bitumen

Put the steps of Tar Sand recovery.

• sticky sand is mixed with hot water and shaken to separate the bitumen from the sand

• it is skimmed off and mixed with chemicals so it can be processed further.

• removal of the topsoil, vegetation, and rock layers

• tar sand is extracted and sent to an on-site facility

• the bitumen floats to the surface

Which method of tar sand recovery is the most commonly used?

• open pit mining

• steam injection

• solvent injection

• hydraulic fracturing

Which of these are negative aspects of mining tar sands and extracting oil shale?

• disruption of the landscape

• disruption of the ecosystem

• more air pollution per gallon of petroleum compared to standard mining

• water used ends up with toxic chemicals in it

• multiple health concerns for human exposure to the chemicals used.