Exploring Organic Chemistry Concepts

What is a homologous series?

• A homologous series is defined by a single molecular structure without variations.

• A homologous series is a group of compounds with the same functional group and a constant difference in molecular structure.

• A homologous series consists of compounds with different functional groups.

• A homologous series is a collection of unrelated compounds.

List the first four alkanes in the homologous series.

• Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, Octane

• Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

• Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol

• Cyclopropane, Cyclobutane, Cyclopentane, Cyclohexane

Explain the trend in boiling points of alkanes as the number of carbon atoms increases.

• The boiling points of alkanes fluctuate randomly with the number of carbon atoms.

• The boiling points of alkanes decrease as the number of carbon atoms increases.

• The boiling points of alkanes increase as the number of carbon atoms increases.

• Boiling points of alkanes remain constant regardless of the number of carbon atoms.

What is the general formula for alkenes?

• C_nH_(n+1)

• C_nH_(2n+2)

• C_nH_(2n)

• C_nH_(2n-2)

Describe the reactivity trend of alkenes compared to alkanes.

• Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes.

• Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes.

• Alkenes are only reactive under extreme conditions.

• Alkenes and alkanes have the same reactivity.

What is the significance of functional groups in organic compounds?

• Functional groups are significant because they define the chemical properties and reactivity of organic compounds.

• Functional groups are solely responsible for the color of organic compounds.

• Functional groups only affect the physical appearance of organic compounds.

• Functional groups are irrelevant to the structure of organic compounds.

How do the physical properties of alcohols change with increasing molecular weight?

• With increasing molecular weight, boiling points increase, water solubility decreases, and viscosity increases.

• With increasing molecular weight, boiling points decrease, water solubility decreases, and viscosity decreases.

• With increasing molecular weight, boiling points remain constant, water solubility remains constant, and viscosity remains constant.

• With increasing molecular weight, boiling points decrease, water solubility increases, and viscosity decreases.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

• Saturated hydrocarbons contain only carbon atoms; unsaturated hydrocarbons contain oxygen atoms.

• Saturated hydrocarbons have higher boiling points than unsaturated hydrocarbons.

• Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds; unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are always gases; unsaturated hydrocarbons are always liquids.

Explain the concept of isomerism with examples.

• Isomerism only applies to organic compounds.

• Isomerism is the process of combining different molecules into one.

• Examples of isomerism include: 1. Structural isomers: Butane (C4H10) has two structural isomers, n-butane and isobutane. 2. Stereoisomers: Glucose and fructose are stereoisomers, both having the formula C6H12O6 but differing in structure.

• All isomers have the same physical properties.

What are the main types of isomerism in organic chemistry?

• The main types of isomerism in organic chemistry are structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.

• Cis-trans isomerism and tautomeric isomerism

• Geometric isomerism and optical isomerism

• Functional group isomerism and resonance isomerism