Earthquake Measurement and Effects

Liquefaction

• A process where soil becomes saturated with water and loses its strength, causing buildings to sink and collapse.

• A method of soil compaction used in construction to increase stability.

• A phenomenon where soil expands and contracts with temperature changes, affecting building foundations.

• A type of soil erosion caused by heavy rainfall and flooding.

Modified Mercalli Intensity scale

• Measures earthquake intensity based on descriptions of the earthquake’s effects on people and structures.

• Measures the magnitude of an earthquake using seismic waves.

• Assesses the economic impact of an earthquake on a region.

• Evaluates the geological features of an area prone to earthquakes.

Tsunami

• A small wave caused by wind

• A large ocean wave generated by vertical motion of the seafloor during an earthquake.

• A type of tidal wave caused by the gravitational pull of the moon

• A wave that occurs only in lakes and rivers

Moment magnitude scale

• A rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake, considering the size of the fault, the motion along the fault, and the strength of the rocks that break.

• A scale used to measure the intensity of earthquakes based on human perception.

• A logarithmic scale that measures the amplitude of seismic waves.

• A scale that categorizes earthquakes based on their geographical location.

Richter magnitude scale

• A system that measures the depth of earthquakes.

• A numerical rating system that measures the energy, or magnitude, of the largest seismic waves produced by an earthquake.

• A scale used to determine the location of an earthquake's epicenter.

• A method for predicting future earthquakes.

Landslide

• The rapid downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders.

• A gradual erosion of soil by water.

• The process of planting trees on a large scale.

• A sudden volcanic eruption causing debris flow.