Heredity & Genetics

What does a Punnett square show?

• A diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

• A method to measure the height of plants.

• A tool for calculating the area of geometric shapes.

• A chart for tracking the weather patterns.

What is a dominant allele?

• An allele that expresses its trait only when two copies are present.

• An allele that can mask the effect of another allele when only one copy is present.

• An allele that is always expressed regardless of the presence of other alleles.

• An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.

What is the principle of segregation?

• The principle of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

• The principle of segregation states that alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

• The principle of segregation states that alleles are blended together in the offspring.

• The principle of segregation states that only one allele is passed from each parent to the offspring.

What is a gene?

• A segment of RNA that carries genetic information.

• A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or trait.

• A type of protein that regulates gene expression.

• A cellular structure that produces energy for the cell.

What is a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in traits or functions of an organism.

• A process that occurs only in viruses and bacteria.

• A type of genetic engineering used to enhance crops.

• An irreversible change in the environment affecting species.

What is heredity?

• The process of acquiring knowledge through experience.

• The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

• The study of how organisms interact with their environment.

• The ability of an organism to adapt to its surroundings.

What is the principle of independent assortment?

• The principle that traits are inherited together as a unit.

• The principle that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

• The principle that dominant traits always mask recessive traits.

• The principle that all traits are inherited from one parent.

What is a pedigree chart?

• A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism from one generation to the next.

• A chart that represents the genetic makeup of an individual.

• A graphical representation of the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

• A tool used to measure the height of plants in a garden.

What is DNA?

• A type of protein that helps in muscle contraction.

• A molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A lipid that stores energy in the body.

What is a homozygous genotype?

• A genotype with two different alleles for a trait.

• A genotype with one dominant and one recessive allele.

• A genotype with two identical alleles for a trait, either dominant or recessive.

• A genotype that does not express any traits.