The 2015 Nobel Prizes!

The video discusses the Nobel Prize winners in physics and chemistry. Taka Aki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald discovered that neutrinos have mass, challenging previous assumptions and suggesting neutrinos as potential dark matter candidates. In chemistry, three scientists uncovered DNA repair mechanisms: base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair, highlighting how cells maintain genetic integrity despite frequent DNA damage.

What discovery about neutrinos led to the Nobel Prize in Physics for Kajita and McDonald?

• Neutrinos are responsible for dark matter.

• Neutrinos can change flavors.

• Neutrinos are massless particles.

• Neutrinos are the most abundant particles in the universe.

Which type of DNA repair mechanism was discovered by Tomas Lindahl?

• Base excision repair

• Homologous recombination

• Mismatch repair

• Nucleotide excision repair

What type of DNA damage does nucleotide excision repair address?

• Damage from UV rays and chemicals

• Errors during DNA replication

• Spontaneous decay of DNA bases

• Double-strand breaks

Which enzyme is involved in marking damaged DNA for mismatch repair?

• DNA ligase

• Dam methylase

• DNA polymerase

• Exonuclease

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA repair mechanisms?

• It stitches DNA strands together.

• It marks damaged DNA for repair.

• It fills in the gaps with new nucleotides.

• It cuts out damaged DNA.