Gymnosperm Review

What dominated the landscape 350 million years ago as a bridge between ferns and gymnosperms?

• Angiosperms

• Pteridosperms

• Bryophytes

• Algae

Instead of spores, what do pteridosperms have?

• Flowers

• Seeds

• Cones

• Roots

What is one advantage of seeds over spores mentioned in the passage?

• A) Seeds have a seed coat

• B) Spores have a seed coat

• C) Seeds require more water

• D) Spores provide nourishment

Fill in the blank: The endosperm is tissue inside the seed that provides ______ to the embryo, giving it energy to grow quickly.

• nourishment

• water

• oxygen

• sunlight

What is the outermost layer of a pine seed called?

• Seed coat

• Endosperm

• Cotyledon

• Embryo

Which group of gymnosperms most resembles palm trees and has several species facing extinction in the wild?

• A) Conifers

• B) Cycads

• C) Gnetophytes

• D) Ginkgo

Which gymnosperm has distinctive fan-shaped leaves and emits a foul odor from the outer covering of its seeds?

• Conifers

• Cycads

• Gnetophytes

• Ginkgo

Which of the following is a characteristic of conifers?

• Compound leaves with multiple veins

• Simple leaves with single veins (reduced megaphylls)

• Flowers with petals

• Fruits with seeds

Conifers are ______ pollinated.

• Wind

• Water

• Insects

• Animals

How are seeds dispersed in conifers?

• Wind and animal dispersal

• Water dispersal

• Gravity dispersal

• Explosive dispersal