4.1 and 4.2 AP Psych

What are stereotypes?

• True assumptions about people

• False assumptions, can be positive or negative

• Scientific facts

• Personal opinions

A teacher believes that certain students are highly capable and therefore gives them more attention and encouragement. By the end of the year, those students perform better than their peers. Which concept best explains this outcome?

• self-serving bias

• self-fulfilling prophecy

• cognitive dissonance

• external locus of control

Ava noticed that whenever she mentioned she was from a big city, people assumed she was unfriendly. What is this an example of?

• A stereotype

• ingroup bias

• discrimination

• multiculturalism

Discrimination is related to behavior in that it involves:

• treating people differently based on characteristics such as race, gender, or age.

• understanding and accepting differences among individuals.

• ignoring differences and treating everyone the same.

• promoting equality and fairness in all situations.

The just-world phenomenon is the belief that:

• people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

• our attitudes and actions should match

• people like things the more they are exposed to them

• people compare themselves to one another

David and his friends believe that all members of the rival school's soccer team are very similar to each other, while they see their own team as diverse and unique. What bias does this illustrate?

• Outgroup homogeneity bias

• The belief that all members of an in-group are diverse.

• The perception that in-group members are more similar to each other than out-group members.

• in-group bias

Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism?

• A person believes their country's cuisine is the best and refuses to try dishes from other cultures.

• A person enjoys learning new languages and cultures.

• A person travels to different countries and appreciates their customs.

• A person advocates for cultural exchange and understanding.

The term for maintaining a belief despite contradictory evidence is called:

• Confirmation bias

• Cognitive dissonance

• Belief perseverance

• Anchoring effect

Liam has always believed that eating carrots improves eyesight. Despite new scientific studies showing no significant effect, which of the following is a component of belief perseverance?

• Acceptance of new evidence

• Retain belief

• Ignoring belief

• Changing belief

Confirmation bias is:

• The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.

• The ability to confirm the validity of a hypothesis through experimentation.

• A method of confirming the accuracy of a scientific theory.

• The process of confirming a reservation or appointment.