AP Psychology Thinking

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

• Divergent Thinking

• Convergent Thinking

• Intrinsic Motivation

• Availability Heuristic

• Representative Heuristic

The tendency to exaggerate the correctness or accuracy of our beliefs and predictions is called

• hindsight bias.

• overconfidence.

• critical thinking.

• skepticism.

• reliability.

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as:

• the representativeness heuristic.

• belief perserverance

• confirmation bias.

• functional fixedness.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage of:

• confirmation bias.

• functional fixedness.

• belief perseverance.

• the representativeness heuristic.

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third. This best illustrates:

• framing.

• belief bias.

• representativeness heuristics.

• confirmation bias.

What is the tendency to search for and use information that supports our preconceptions, and ignore information that refutes our ideas called?

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Belief Perseverance

• Overconfidence Bias

What is the ability to think about a problem or idea in new and unusual ways, to come up with unconventional solutions called?

• Divergent Thinking

• Convergent Thinking

• Critical Thinking

• Metacognition

What is the mental process of drawing conclusions from available evidence called?

• A) Reasoning

• B) Heuristics

• C) Insight

• D) Intuition

Which cognitive bias involves favoring information that confirms previously existing beliefs or biases?

• A) Anchoring Bias

• B) Confirmation Bias

• C) Availability Heuristic

• D) Representativeness Heuristic

What is the term for the mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind?

• A) Availability Heuristic

• B) Representativeness Heuristic

• C) Anchoring Bias

• D) Overconfidence