Operating System Concepts

Process

• A program that has started to be executed.

• A set of instructions waiting to be executed.

• A completed program that has been terminated.

• A program that is currently being compiled.

Segment number

• Index number of a segment.

• A type of data structure.

• A measure of performance.

• A segment of a network.

Interrupt priority levels (IPL)

• Values given to interrupts based on values 0 to 31.

• A method to disable all interrupts.

• A technique for managing CPU cache.

• A standard for network communication.

Bootstrap

• A small program that is used to load other programs to ‘start up’ a computer.

• A framework for building responsive websites.

• A type of software used for data analysis.

• A programming language for web development.

Burst time

• The time when a process has control of the CPU.

• The total time taken by a process to complete execution.

• The time taken to switch between processes.

• The time a process spends waiting in the ready queue.

Non-preemptive

• Type of scheduling in which a process terminates or switches from a running state to a waiting state.

• Type of scheduling that allows a process to be interrupted and resumed later.

• Type of scheduling that prioritizes processes based on their arrival time.

• Type of scheduling that ensures all processes are executed in a round-robin manner.

Context switching

• Procedure by which the CPU executes multiple processes simultaneously.

• Procedure by which, when the next process takes control of the CPU, its previous state is reinstated or restored.

• Procedure that allows the CPU to run only one process at a time.

• Procedure that involves permanently deleting the state of the previous process.

Segments memory

• Fixed-size memory blocks used for data storage.

• Variable-size memory blocks into which logical memory is split up.

• A method for compressing memory usage.

• A technique for encrypting memory data.

Starve

• To constantly deprive a process of the necessary resources to carry out a task/process.

• To provide an abundance of resources to enhance a process.

• To intermittently supply resources to a process.

• To completely halt a process without any resources.

Pages

• Fixed-size logical memory blocks.

• Variable-size physical memory segments.

• Dynamic memory allocation units.

• Unstructured data storage units.