ES 8.4 Reading

What is the primary focus of the ecosystem approach to sustaining biodiversity?

• Protecting threatened habitats and their ecosystem services

• Increasing the population of endangered species

• Promoting urban development

• Enhancing agricultural productivity

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Which of the following is NOT a part of the five-point plan in the ecosystem approach?

• Map and inventory ecosystems

• Identify resilient and fragile ecosystems

• Increase industrial activities in ecosystems

• Restore degraded ecosystems

What is meant by 'biodiversity-friendly development' in the context of the ecosystem approach?

• Providing financial incentives and technical help to protect endangered ecosystems

• Encouraging deforestation for urban expansion

• Promoting monoculture farming practices

• Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers

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What is a biodiversity hotspot?

• An area rich in highly endangered endemic species and threatened by human activities.

• A region with a large human population and diverse cultures.

• A place where biodiversity is declining due to natural causes.

• An area with a high number of invasive species.

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What are the two criteria for a region to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot?

• It must have lost at least 70% of its original habitat and contain at least 1,500 endemic species of vascular plants.

• It must be located near the equator and have a tropical climate.

• It must have a large human population and be rich in mineral resources.

• It must be a protected area with government funding.

What percentage of Earth's land surface do biodiversity hotspots cover, and what percentage of the world's flowering plant species do they contain?

• They cover a little more than 2% of Earth's land surface and contain an estimated 50% of the world's flowering plant species.

• They cover 10% of Earth's land surface and contain 20% of the world's flowering plant species.

• They cover 5% of Earth's land surface and contain 30% of the world's flowering plant species.

• They cover 15% of Earth's land surface and contain 60% of the world's flowering plant species.

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What is a major threat to the forests of Mesoamerica?

• Urban development

• Cattle grazing

• Tourism

• Fishing

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Which animal is found in the Chocodarian hotspot?

• Golden lion tamarin

• Spider monkey

• Giant panda

• Lowland gorilla

What percentage of the Atlantic forests of Brazil remains?

• 20%

• 30%

• 50%

• 7%

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Which region is home to the giant panda?

• Sundaland

• South-central China

• Madagascar

• Philippines