unit 4 judiciary SG 11-20

11-What are the three levels of the federal court system?

• District Courts, Courts of Appeals, Supreme Court
• State Courts, Municipal Courts, Federal Claims Court
• Circuit Courts, Family Courts, Tax Court
• Trial Courts, Appellate Courts, High Court

12-What is the primary role of the U.S. Supreme Court?

• To create new laws for the country.
• To interpret the Constitution and federal law.
• To oversee the executive branch of government.
• To enforce state laws and regulations.

13-How are federal judges selected and confirmed?

• Federal judges are selected through a lottery system.
• Federal judges are appointed by the House of Representatives.
• Federal judges are selected by presidential nomination and confirmed by the Senate.
• Federal judges are elected by popular vote.

14-What is judicial review, and which Supreme Court case established it?

• Judicial interpretation; Plessy v. Ferguson.
• Judicial authority over ICE agents; Brown v. Board of Education.

• Judicial oversight of the bureaucracy; Roe v. Wade.

• courts ability to interpret law and the constitution; Marbury v. Madison.

15-How does a case reach the U.S. Supreme Court?

• A case reaches the U.S. Supreme Court through a direct appeal from the public.
• A case reaches the U.S. Supreme Court through a petition from a lower court (usually appeals court)

• A case is automatically reviewed by the Supreme Court after a state court decision.
• A case can be brought to the Supreme Court by any citizen without prior court decisions.

16-What is the difference between original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction?

• Original jurisdiction involves only federal courts.
• Original jurisdiction is the first instance of hearing a case; appellate jurisdiction is the review of lower court decisions.
• Appellate jurisdiction is the first instance of hearing a case.
• Original jurisdiction is only for criminal cases.

17-What types of cases are typically heard in federal courts?

• Cases involving federal laws, constitutional issues, disputes between states, and cases involving the U.S. government.
• Cases involving local laws, treaties, crime, etc...

• Disputes between private citizens and other civil litigation

• Cases related to state governments and state lawsuits

18- How does the Constitution ensure judicial independence?

• by removing judges from poliitics and political punishment by giving them life terms

• by allowing presidents with partisan agendas appoint them

• by allowing congress to censure them

• by creating supreme and lower courts to hold each other accountable and independent

19- What are the major differences between civil and criminal cases?

• Criminal cases can only involve financial disputes between parties.
• Civil cases focus on disputes between private parties, while criminal cases involve prosecution by the state for offenses against society.
• Civil cases are always handled by a jury, while criminal cases are not.
• Civil cases are prosecuted by the state for public offenses.

20- What role does precedent play in judicial decisions?

• Precedent is used to increase the number of judicial decisions.
• Precedent only applies to criminal cases.
• Precedent is irrelevant to judicial decisions.
• Precedent plays a crucial role in ensuring consistency and predictability in judicial decisions.