Learning Objectives

Recommend fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) settings when initiating mechanical ventilation.

• 21%

• 40%

• 60%

• 100%

Compare the use of sigh with the concept of a recruitment maneuver in the patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

• Sigh and recruitment maneuvers are both used to improve oxygenation in ARDS patients.

• Sigh is used to decrease lung volume, while recruitment maneuvers increase it.

• Sigh is a type of recruitment maneuver used in ARDS.

• Recruitment maneuvers are used to decrease lung volume, while sigh increases it.

List the actions necessary for final ventilator setup.

• Check ventilator settings, connect to patient, ensure alarms are set

• Only check ventilator settings

• Connect to patient and ensure alarms are set

• Ensure alarms are set only

Explain the concept of using extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients with airflow obstruction and air trapping who have trouble triggering a breath during mechanical ventilation.

• Extrinsic PEEP helps to increase lung volume and improve oxygenation.

• Extrinsic PEEP reduces the work of breathing by counteracting intrinsic PEEP.

• Extrinsic PEEP is used to decrease airway resistance.

• Extrinsic PEEP is primarily used to treat pulmonary edema.

Calculate the desired FIO2 setting given the current partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and FIO2 values.

• Use the formula: Desired FIO2 = (Current FIO2 x Desired PaO2) / Current PaO2

• Use the formula: Desired FIO2 = (Current PaO2 x Desired FIO2) / Desired PaO2

• Use the formula: Desired FIO2 = (Desired FIO2 x Current PaO2) / Current FIO2

If no baseline ABG is available, what FIO2 setting should be selected for patients with presumed severe hypoxemia?

• ≤0.30

• ≥0.50

• 1.0

• 0.21

In flow triggering, what is the range set below the base flow?

• 1 to 5 L/min

• 1 to 10 L/min

• 5 to 10 L/min

• 10 to 15 L/min

In pressure triggering, what is the range set for sensitivity?

• Between -1 and -2 cm H2O

• Between 0 and -1 cm H2O

• Between -2 and -3 cm H2O

• Between 1 and 2 cm H2O

What is the spontaneous minute ventilation rate that contraindicates the use of HMEs?

• Greater than 10 L/min

• Less than 10 L/min

• Equal to 10 L/min

• 5 L/min

What actions should be taken during ventilator alarm situations?

• Silence the alarm and continue monitoring

• Ignore the alarm and wait for it to stop

• Immediately call for help without checking

• Turn off the ventilator and restart it