What is the lower border of the cricoid cartilage associated with?

• C4

• C6

• C10

• C8

Which part of the oesophagus is primarily composed of smooth muscle?

• Lower 1/3rd

• Entire length

• Middle 1/3rd

• Upper 1/3rd

What anatomical structure lies posterior to the oesophagus?

• Left main bronchus

• Azygous vein

• Trachea

• Vertebral bodies

Which artery supplies the upper part of the oesophagus?

• Left gastric artery

• Oesophageal branches of the descending aorta

• Superior thyroid vessels

• Inferior phrenic vessels

What is the primary innervation of the oesophagus?

• Accessory nerve

• Median nerve

• Vagus nerve

• Phrenic nerve

Where is the gastro-oesophageal junction located?

• T11

• T10

• T12

• T8

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

• Controls entry of food into the stomach

• Prevents reflux of gastric contents

• Facilitates bile secretion

• Regulates exit of gastric contents

Which part of the small intestine is primarily retroperitoneal?

• Ileum

• Duodenum

• Cecum

• Jejunum

What is the primary blood supply to the jejunum?

• Inferior mesenteric artery

• Superior mesenteric artery

• Celiac trunk

• Renal artery

Which structure is located anteriorly to the stomach?

• Left kidney

• Pancreas

• Spleen

• Diaphragm