Based on Newton’s third law, which sentence BEST explains what will occur?

• The skaters will exert an equal force on each other, and neither will move.

• When the male skater exerts a force on the female skater, she will skate backward.

• When the female skater exerts a force back on the male skater, only he will skate backward.

• When the male skater exerts a force on the female skater, she will exert the same force on him, pushing them both backward.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

When you dribble a basketball on a court it returns to your hand even though you have pushed it away from you. Which of the following statements explains why the ball doesn’t stay on the ground?

• A. Gravity is not strong enough to keep the ball near the ground.

• B. The ground pushes the ball back toward you harder than you pushed it away.

• C. The ground pushes the ball back with the same force that the ball pushes the ground.

• D. The ball has enough recoil in it so that the force used to push the ball down is multiplied.

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When a fish swims forward, its fins push backward against the water. What would happen if the water did not exert an equal force in the opposite direction?

• The fish would swim faster.

• The fish would swim slower.

• The fish would not move forward.

• The fish would move backward in the water.

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During a spacewalk, if an astronaut loses his connection with the space station, he would slowly drift away from the station. Which action might help him get back to the station?

• throwing a heavy tool toward the station

• dropping all of his tools to reduce his weight

• throwing a heavy tool in the direction that he is floating

• rolling into a ball to reduce friction and increase his speed

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As you walk down a path, what BEST explains what prevents you from sinking into the ground?

• the force of gravity

• the speed at which you walk

• the force that your feet exert against the ground

• the force that the ground exerts against your feet

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which BEST describes what would happen in this photo if Newton’s third law were not in effect, and so the wall in this photo did not exert a force against the car?

• The wall would not be dented.

• The car would not be crumpled.

• The car would be more crumpled.

• The car would stop after hitting the wall.

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What is a force pair?

• two interacting forces that exert a single force

• two interacting forces that act on different objects

• two interacting objects that exert a single force

• two interacting objects that act on different forces

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The four scientific laws that Newton developed related to what?

• A. gravity and speed

• B. acceleration and the planets

• C. gravity and magnetism

• D. gravity and forces and motion

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How did Newton develop his scientific laws?

• He studied the work of Greek philosophers.

• He wrote them all down after dreaming about them.

• He created new ideas based on a few lucky guesses.

• He combined the ideas and observations of many other scientists.

Which unit is used to measure the strength of forces?

• kilowatt (kW)

• megajoule (MJ)

• pascal (Pa)

• newton (N)