Chapter 4 Atoms/Radioactivity

What are the three types of particles that make up an atom, and what are their charges?

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons; positive, neutral, and negative

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons; negative, neutral, and positive

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons; neutral, positive, and negative

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons; positive, negative, and neutral

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Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

• In the electron cloud

• In the nucleus

• In the outer shell

• In the atomic orbitals

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The atomic mass of an atom is calculated by:

• Adding the number of protons and neutrons

• Adding the number of protons and electrons

• Multiplying the number of protons and neutrons

• Multiplying the number of protons and electrons

The atomic number of an element represents:

• the number of protons in the nucleus

• the number of neutrons in the nucleus

• the number of electrons in the outer shell

• the atomic mass of the element

What is an isotope?

• A type of chemical bond

• A variant of an atom

• A type of molecule

• A form of energy

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Isotopes of the same element differ from each other in their:

• number of protons

• number of neutrons

• number of electrons

• atomic number

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J.J. Thomson's model of the atom is described as:

• a solid sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded in it

• a nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons

• a cloud of positive charge with electrons scattered throughout

• a dense nucleus with electrons in fixed orbits

How did Ernest Rutherford's model of the atom differ from Thomson's?

• Rutherford's model included a nucleus, while Thomson's did not.

• Rutherford's model was based on the plum pudding model, while Thomson's was not.

• Rutherford's model suggested electrons were embedded in a positive sphere, while Thomson's did not.

• Rutherford's model proposed that atoms were indivisible, while Thomson's did not.

Niels Bohr's contribution to the atomic model was:

• The discovery of the neutron

• The development of the quantum mechanical model

• The proposal of the planetary model

• The introduction of the uncertainty principle

The electron cloud model describes the behavior and position of electrons in an atom. What does this model suggest about electron location?

• Electrons are found in fixed orbits around the nucleus.

• Electrons are found in a dense cloud around the nucleus.

• Electrons are found in a solid shell around the nucleus.

• Electrons are found in a vacuum around the nucleus.