AP Physics 2: Thermodynamics Review

What type of process is represented by a vertical line on a PV diagram?

• Isothermal process

• Isochoric process

• Adiabatic process

• Isobaric process

What is an isothermal process?

• A process that occurs at a constant pressure.

• A process that occurs at a constant volume.

• A process that occurs at a constant temperature.

• A process that occurs at a constant energy level.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

What is the significance of the ideal gas law?

• It describes the behavior of real gases under all conditions.

• It relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas.

• It explains the chemical reactions of gases in a closed system.

• It provides a formula for calculating the density of gases.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

What does the term 'internal energy' refer to in thermodynamics?

• The energy associated with the motion of a system's center of mass.

• The total energy contained within a system, including kinetic and potential energy of molecules.

• The energy required to change the temperature of a substance.

• The energy that is lost to the surroundings during a thermodynamic process.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

If systems 2 and 3 are both at thermal equilibrium with system 1, what can be said about systems 2 and 3?

• Systems 2 and 3 are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

• Systems 2 and 3 are at different temperatures.

• System 2 is warmer than system 3.

• System 3 is cooler than system 1.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

• Energy can be created and destroyed.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

• Energy is always conserved in chemical reactions.

• Energy can be converted into mass.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

NGSS.HS-PS3-1

What is the difference between isobaric and isochoric processes?

• Isobaric processes occur at constant temperature, while isochoric processes occur at constant pressure.

• Isobaric processes occur at constant pressure, while isochoric processes occur at constant volume.

• Isobaric processes involve heat transfer, while isochoric processes do not.

• Isobaric processes are reversible, while isochoric processes are irreversible.

What is the definition of work done by a gas?

• Work done by a gas is the energy transferred when the gas expands or compresses against an external pressure.

• Work done by a gas is the total energy contained within the gas at a given temperature.

• Work done by a gas is the amount of heat energy produced during combustion.

• Work done by a gas is the energy required to change the state of the gas from solid to liquid.

Define thermal equilibrium.

• A state where two systems exchange heat continuously.

• A state where two systems are at different temperatures.

• A state in which two systems in contact with each other do not exchange heat, meaning they are at the same temperature.

• A state where one system is warmer than the other.

What is the concept of specific heat capacity?

• The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

• The total energy contained in a substance at a given temperature.

• The measure of how much heat a substance can absorb before changing state.

• The heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance without changing its state.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4