Viking, Islam, & Crusades

Things the English World gets from Vikings?

• Words (e.g. Cake, hit, scare)

• The concept of democracy

• The invention of the wheel

• The use of the alphabet

Places Founded, Settled, and or developed by Vikings

• Kiev

• Paris

• Rome

• Berlin

Consequences of the Crusades

• Increased cooperation between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

• Europe gained wealth and power

• More hatred and fear between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

• Portugal was divided into multiple regions

Reasons Crusades ARE a Holy War:

• Pope declared the crusades to help Christian brethern (Byzantines) and to take back the Holy Land (Jerusalem) and said this was what God wanted.

• The Crusades were primarily motivated by economic gain and territorial expansion.

• The Crusades were a response to the spread of Islam in Europe.

• The Crusades were initiated to convert non-Christians to Christianity.

Father of Algebra

• Al- Khwarizmi

• Euclid

• Pythagoras

• Isaac Newton

Umayyad contributions to the world.

• Spread of the Arabic language throughout the Middle East and North Africa.

• Development of the Silk Road trade routes.

• Introduction of the printing press in the Islamic world.

• Establishment of the first university in Europe.

Da Vinci of Spain. Invented Hang Glider, and started observatory in Spain.

• Abbas Ibn Firnas

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Galileo Galilei

• Ismail al-Jazari

Why did the Umayyads decline and fall?

• Money problems due to no more conquests and changed taxes leading to less revenue.

• Increased military conquests that strengthened their power.

• Support from all Muslim converts leading to a unified front.

• A strong alliance with the Byzantine Empire.

Al-Razi

• Father of Modern Medicine

• Invented the stethoscope

• Pioneered the use of anesthesia

• Developed the first vaccine

Ibn Sina

• Wrote an Encyclopedia of medicine.

• Developed the theory of relativity.

• Invented the printing press.

• Discovered penicillin.