Database and SQL Concepts

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Which of the following is NOT an example of structured data?

• A) A table in a relational database

• B) A JSON file storing user preferences

• C) A video file from a security camera

• D) An Excel spreadsheet with student grades

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of storing data in a database?

• Improved data integrity

• Faster retrieval times

• No need for backups

• Better scalability

Which of the following is a key feature of NoSQL databases?

• A) Tables with predefined schemas

• B) Ability to handle structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data

• C) Requirement for complex JOIN operations

• D) Strict ACID compliance in all cases

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of relational databases?

• A) Data is stored in tables

• B) Data redundancy is minimized through normalization

• C) Every table must have exactly one primary key

• D) Relationships between tables are stored as arrays

You have two tables: Customers and Orders. You want to retrieve all customers, including those who haven’t placed any orders. Which type of JOIN should you use?

• INNER JOIN

• LEFT JOIN

• RIGHT JOIN

• FULL JOIN

What does the following SQL query do? SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employees WHERE department = 'IT';

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Which SQL operator would you use to check if a value is within a specified range?

• =

• IN

• BETWEEN

• LIKE

Which SQL clause is used to filter individual rows?

• ORDER BY

• HAVING

• WHERE

• GROUP BY

Which of the following is a Data Query Language (DQL) command?

• SELECT

• UPDATE

• CREATE

• DELETE