Topic 15: Renaissance and Reformation

The theory of gravity, which helps explain the movement of the planets, was developed by the scientist

• Copernicus.

• Galileo.

• Kepler.

• Newton.

In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings reflect the new concerns and techniques of Renaissance art? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• realistic depiction of human figures

• use of linear perspective

• use of bright colors

• focus on religious themes

Feudalism grew weaker when

• trade and industry grew.

• national monarchies lost power.

• the Protestant Reformation began.

• the power of the Church increased.

Which of the following events of the Protestant Reformation happened in 1521?

• Luther posts the 95 Theses.

• Tyndale is burned at the stake.

• Luther’s translation of the Bible into German is published.

• The Diet of Worms convenes.

How did growing secularism influence European writers during the Renaissance?

• They based their scientific ideas on the teachings of the Church.

• They began to translate the Bible into the vernacular.

• They wrote more books about non-religious subjects.

• They translated Greek and Arabic writings into Latin.

Read the quote below from Martin Luther’s 95 Theses.

“It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money-box, gain and avarice [greed] can be increased, but the result of the intercession [prayer on behalf of another person] of the Church is in the power of God alone.”

Which important features of Luther’s teachings are expressed in this thesis? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• The Catholic Church is the true representative of God on Earth.

• The sale of indulgences leads to corruption.

• God alone can grant salvation to sinners.

• Charity and good works can lead to salvation.

• It is necessary to break away from the Catholic Church.

Which statements describe the importance of a work such as this? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• It focuses on classical themes and ancient mythology.

• It is an example of engraving as a new artistic technique.

• It shows the influence of the Italian Renaissance on Northern European art.

• It was created to please a wealthy patron of the arts.

• It reflects the religious and political conflicts of their era.

The astronomer Copernicus challenged traditional beliefs by suggesting that

• the Earth moves around the sun.

• the heliocentric theory was wrong.

• gravity controls the motion of the planets.

• the moon revolves around the Earth.

Francis Bacon’s contribution to the development of the scientific method was

• rediscovering the writings of ancient astronomers.

• using specific facts to make general rules.

• inventing new tools to make discoveries.

• drawing hypotheses based on mechanical laws.

Which of the following best describes a typical Renaissance painting?

• Human faces are presented in an idealized, spiritual manner.

• Human figures are emphasized by being placed against a flat background.

• Proportions are exaggerated for symbolic effect.

• People and backgrounds are painted in a way that mimics real life.