
8.Acid-Base Balance_simplified
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Other
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University
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Practice Problem
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Hard
M.Parthiban Munuswamy
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10 questions
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1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A patient is admitted with severe pneumonia. Their ABG results show: pH 7.31, PaCO₂ 52 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 25 mEq/L. What is your interpretation?
Compensated metabolic acidosis
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
Compensated metabolic alkalosis
Answer explanation
The decreased pH (7.31) with elevated PaCO₂ (52 mmHg) and normal HCO₃⁻ (25 mEq/L) indicates respiratory acidosis. The condition is uncompensated because the bicarbonate level hasn't increased to compensate.
The decreased pH (7.31) with elevated PaCO₂ (52 mmHg) and normal HCO₃⁻ (25 mEq/L) indicates respiratory acidosis. The condition is uncompensated because the bicarbonate level hasn't increased to compensate.
2.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Mrs. Johnson is experiencing anxiety-induced hyperventilation. Which ABG values would you expect to see?
pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 22 mEq/L
pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L
pH 7.35, PaCO₂ 45 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L
pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 35 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 16 mEq/L
Answer explanation
Hyperventilation causes excessive CO₂ elimination, resulting in respiratory alkalosis characterized by elevated pH, low PaCO₂, and initially normal HCO₃⁻.
Hyperventilation causes excessive CO₂ elimination, resulting in respiratory alkalosis characterized by elevated pH, low PaCO₂, and initially normal HCO₃⁻.
3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A diabetic patient presents with Kussmaul breathing. Their ABG shows: pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 35 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 15 mEq/L. What condition are they experiencing?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Answer explanation
D) Metabolic acidosis
Explanation: The low pH with low HCO₃⁻ and compensatory low PaCO₂ (due to Kussmaul breathing) is characteristic of metabolic acidosis, commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.
D) Metabolic acidosis
Explanation: The low pH with low HCO₃⁻ and compensatory low PaCO₂ (due to Kussmaul breathing) is characteristic of metabolic acidosis, commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A patient with a history of kidney problems has ABG results showing: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L. What condition do these results indicate?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Answer explanation
D) Metabolic alkalosis
Explanation: The high pH (7.50) with normal PaCO₂ (40 mmHg) and elevated HCO₃⁻ (32 mEq/L) indicates metabolic alkalosis.
D) Metabolic alkalosis
Explanation: The high pH (7.50) with normal PaCO₂ (40 mmHg) and elevated HCO₃⁻ (32 mEq/L) indicates metabolic alkalosis.
5.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A patient is experiencing prolonged vomiting, and their ABG shows: pH 7.58, PaCO₂ 45 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 41 mEq/L. What condition are they experiencing?
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Answer explanation
A) Metabolic alkalosis
Explanation: Prolonged vomiting causes loss of stomach acid, leading to metabolic alkalosis as indicated by high pH (7.58) and elevated HCO₃⁻ (41 mEq/L).
A) Metabolic alkalosis
Explanation: Prolonged vomiting causes loss of stomach acid, leading to metabolic alkalosis as indicated by high pH (7.58) and elevated HCO₃⁻ (41 mEq/L).
6.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A young adult is in shock and has ABG results as follows: pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 28 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 14 mEq/L. What is the primary condition?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Answer explanation
B) Metabolic acidosis
Explanation: The low pH (7.32) with low HCO₃⁻ (14 mEq/L) and compensatory low PaCO₂ (28 mmHg) is characteristic of metabolic acidosis associated with shock.
B) Metabolic acidosis
Explanation: The low pH (7.32) with low HCO₃⁻ (14 mEq/L) and compensatory low PaCO₂ (28 mmHg) is characteristic of metabolic acidosis associated with shock.
7.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A patient with COPD shows the following ABG results: pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 48 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 30 mEq/L. What do these findings suggest?
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Answer explanation
A) Compensated respiratory acidosis
Explanation: The slightly acidotic pH (7.36) with elevated PaCO₂ (48 mmHg) and compensating elevated HCO₃⁻ (30 mEq/L) suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, common in COPD patients.
A) Compensated respiratory acidosis
Explanation: The slightly acidotic pH (7.36) with elevated PaCO₂ (48 mmHg) and compensating elevated HCO₃⁻ (30 mEq/L) suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, common in COPD patients.
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