Understanding Groups and Motivation

What is a reference group?

• Social group that individuals use for self-evaluation and comparison.

• A reference group is a type of marketing strategy.

• A reference group is a legal term for a group of witnesses.

• A reference group is a collection of unrelated individuals.

How do reference groups influence individual behavior?

• Reference groups have no impact on individual behavior.

• Establishing norms and expectations that individuals may follow.

• Individuals always reject the norms set by reference groups.

• Reference groups only influence behavior through financial incentives.

Define in-group dynamics.

• In-group dynamics are the social interactions and behaviors among members of a group

• In-group dynamics are the behaviors of individuals in isolation.

• In-group dynamics refer to the competition between different groups.

• In-group dynamics describe the economic transactions within a community.

What are the characteristics of out-groups?

• Out-groups are characterized by stereotypes, and potential discrimination.

• Out-groups share a common culture and values.

• Out-groups are characterized by high levels of trust and cooperation.

• Out-groups are always larger than in-groups.

Explain intrinsic motivation with an example.

• An athlete training for a marathon to earn a medal.

• Playing the guitar simply for the pleasure of making music

• A student studying hard to get good grades.

• A person who plays the guitar to win a music competition.

What is extrinsic motivation?

• Motivation driven by personal satisfaction

• The desire to achieve a personal goal

• Incentives that come from within oneself

• Engage in an activity for external rewards or to avoid negative outcomes.

How do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation differ?

• Intrinsic motivation is influenced by social pressures, while extrinsic motivation is based on personal goals.

• Intrinsic motivation relies solely on financial rewards, whereas extrinsic motivation is based on personal satisfaction.

• Intrinsic motivation is always negative, while extrinsic motivation is always positive.

• Intrinsic motivation is internal and self-driven, while extrinsic motivation is external and driven by rewards or consequences.

What is Bandura's Learning Theory?

• Bandura's Learning Theory focuses solely on cognitive development.

• Bandura's Learning Theory emphasizes the role of genetics in learning.

• Bandura's Learning Theory explains learning through observation and imitation of others.

• Bandura's Learning Theory is based on the principles of classical conditioning.

How does observational learning relate to Bandura's theory?

• Observational learning is only applicable in animal training.

• Bandura's theory focuses solely on cognitive development.

• Observational learning is irrelevant to Bandura's theory.

• Observational learning emphasizes learning through imitation and modeling.

Can you give an example of how a reference group can affect motivation?

• A student may choose to focus on sports instead of academics due to peer influence.

• A student may become less motivated if their peers perform poorly.

• A student may study harder to match the high academic performance of their peers.

• A student might study less to avoid standing out among their peers.