Psych Unit 8 FA Dummy 2

What is an example of a mental set?

• Using the same strategy to solve every problem

• Considering multiple possible solutions to a problem

• Changing strategies based on new information

• Avoiding biases in decision-making

What is overconfidence bias?

• Overestimating the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgments

• Ignoring information that contradicts personal beliefs

• Making decisions based on irrelevant details

• Relying on logical reasoning over intuition

What is hindsight bias?

• Believing you 'knew it all along' after learning an outcome

• Ignoring prior experiences when making a decision

• Avoiding mental shortcuts in problem-solving

• Making decisions based purely on probability

How does fixation affect problem-solving?

• It encourages people to explore multiple solutions

• It causes people to get stuck on a single approach

• It prevents reliance on prior knowledge

• It enhances cognitive flexibility

What is insight in problem-solving?

• A step-by-step process leading to a solution

• A sudden realization of a solution to a problem

• A mental shortcut used for making judgments

• A way to avoid cognitive biases

How does belief perseverance affect thinking?

• It encourages flexible decision-making

• It makes people cling to ideas despite contrary evidence

• It helps individuals consider multiple viewpoints

• It prevents people from making hasty decisions

What is framing in decision-making?

• Making choices based only on prior experiences

• The way an issue is presented, affecting perception

• Relying on the first example that comes to mind

• Using mental shortcuts to simplify complex decisions

What is an example of the representativeness heuristic?

• Assuming a quiet person is a librarian

• Judging an outcome based on its probability

• Relying on logical reasoning to make a decision

• Ignoring prior experiences when making choices

What is confirmation bias?

• Paying attention only to evidence that supports beliefs

• Seeking out evidence that contradicts prior knowledge

• Using logical steps to arrive at conclusions

• Making decisions without considering personal biases

How does anchoring bias affect judgments?

• It prevents people from making decisions too quickly

• It causes reliance on the first piece of information encountered

• It eliminates the effects of heuristics on decision-making

• It encourages individuals to analyze all possible solutions