How is an amended pleading generally filed?

• Orally, in open court.

• By filing a verified motion and the amended pleading itself.

• By simply serving a copy on the opposing party.

• By sending an email to the court clerk.

What is the effect of an amended pleading?

• It supersedes the pleading that it amends.

• It supplements the original pleading.

• It has no effect on the original pleading.

• It voids the entire case.

Can a pleading be amended as a matter of right?

• Yes, at any time before a responsive pleading is served.

• Yes, at any stage of the proceedings.

• No, it always requires leave of court.

• Only if all parties agree.

When is an amendment by leave of court required?

• Before a responsive pleading is served.

• After a responsive pleading is served.

• Only for formal amendments.

• Only for supplemental pleadings.

What constitutes a substantial alteration of the cause of action?

• A change in the legal theory.

• An addition of a new party.

• Introduction of a different set of facts.

• All of the above.

What is a formal amendment?

• An amendment that changes the cause of action.

• An amendment that corrects minor errors or defects.

• An amendment that adds new parties.

• An amendment that changes the relief sought.

When can a pleading be amended to conform with evidence?

• Only before trial commences.

• During or after trial, when evidence not covered by the pleadings is presented.

• Only with the consent of all parties.

• Only if the evidence is documentary.

Can a supplemental pleading raise a new cause of action?

• Yes, at any time.

• No, it must relate to the original cause of action.

• Only with leave of court and consent of all parties.

• Only if the new cause of action rose before the original one.

May the court admit the answer even if it is filed beyond the prescribed period?

• Yes, at any time.

• Yes, if the delay is due to excusable negligence and no substantial prejudice is caused.

• No, the court has no discretion.

• Only if the plaintiff agrees.

May the defending party ask for an extension of time to plead?

• Yes, as a matter of right.

• Yes, with leave of court.

• No, extensions are not allowed.

• Only if the plaintiff agrees.