WH CAE

The Enlightenment philosophers inspired later political revolution because of their support for —

• divine right and obedience
• collective ownership and community
• individual rights and reason
• absolute monarchy and tradition

One similar result of the American and French Revolutions was that in both countries —

• they established republican governments and promoted ideals of liberty and equality.
• they maintained absolute monarchies and suppressed dissent.
• they focused solely on economic reforms and ignored social issues.
• they established colonial empires and expanded their territories.

Which of the following most contributed to start of the French Revolution?

• Increased military power of the monarchy.
• Rise of the Enlightenment philosophers.
• Economic hardship and social inequality.
• Expansion of French territories in Europe.

How did the defeat of Spain and Portugal during the Napoleonic Wars help to bring about political changes in Latin America?

• It led to increased foreign intervention in Latin America.
• It had no impact on political changes in Latin America.
• It facilitated independence movements and the rise of nationalism in Latin America.
• It strengthened colonial rule in Latin America.

Which of the following best describes how the boundaries established by the Congress of Vienna affected events in European history?

• The boundaries were established to promote colonial expansion in Africa.
• The boundaries created a balance of power that maintained stability but also contributed to future conflicts.
• The Congress of Vienna had no significant impact on European borders.
• The boundaries led to immediate peace and unity across Europe.

How did the ideas of Enlightenment philosophes, such as the separation of powers, influence the political revolutions of the eighteenth century?

• The Enlightenment emphasized absolute monarchy as the ideal government.
• Philosophes advocated for the complete abolition of all forms of government.
• The separation of powers was primarily focused on economic reforms rather than political structure.
• The ideas of Enlightenment philosophes, particularly the separation of powers, inspired political revolutions by promoting the establishment of governments that protect individual rights and prevent tyranny.

One characteristic of an absolute monarchy includes —

• limited authority of the ruler
• frequent changes in leadership
• shared governance among multiple leaders
• concentration of power in a single ruler

Which political change resulted from the events shown on the timeline?

Enlightenment philosophers challenged the divine right of kings when they proposed the idea of —

• social contract theory
• hereditary succession
• absolute monarchy
• theocracy

The writers of the U.S. Constitution created a government that is divided into three branches. Which constitutional principle does this reflect?

• Checks and balances
• Separation of powers
• Federalism
• Judicial review