Understanding the Cardiovascular System

What is the term for the increase in heart rate prior to exercise due to the release of adrenaline?

• Cardiovascular drift

• Anticipatory rise

• Bradycardia

• Cardiac hypertrophy

Which of the following best describes the Bohr shift?

• A reduction in resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute

• An increase in heart rate prior to exercise

• A shift in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right during exercise

• The amount of blood which leaves the left ventricle per minute

What is the primary function of the sino-atrial node (SAN) in the cardiac conduction system?

• To delay the impulse to allow ventricular filling

• To conduct the impulse down the septum

• To act as the heart’s pacemaker, sending an impulse through the atria

• To spread the impulse through the ventricles

Which of the following is a mechanism that helps return blood to the heart?

• Vasodilation

• Skeletal muscle pump

• Bohr shift

• Anticipatory rise

What is the term for the increase in thickness of the muscular heart wall, especially around the left ventricle?

• Bradycardia

• Cardiac hypertrophy

• Cardiovascular drift

• Atherosclerosis

What is the primary role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the body?

• To increase blood pressure

• To transport excess cholesterol to the liver to be broken down

• To form fatty deposits in the arteries

• To increase the risk of heart disease

Which of the following describes the redistribution of blood during exercise?

• Vasodilation in vessels leading to non-working muscles

• Vasoconstriction in vessels leading to working muscles

• Vasodilation in vessels leading to working muscles

• Vasoconstriction in vessels leading to the heart

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

• Heart rate + stroke volume

• Heart rate - stroke volume

• Heart rate × stroke volume

• Stroke volume ÷ heart rate

Which of the following receptors detect changes in blood pressure?

• Chemoreceptors

• Proprioceptors

• Baroreceptors

• Thermoreceptors

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate?

• Causes irregular heart rate

• Decreases heart rate

• No effect on heart rate

• Increases heart rate