MOLECULAR GENETICS

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)

• Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Uracil (U)

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA is replicated to form more DNA, which is then transcribed to RNA.

• DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated to protein.

• RNA is directly converted to DNA, which is then translated to protein.

• Proteins are synthesized from lipids, which are then converted to RNA.

What is the process called when RNA makes a protein?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Translocation

What is the significance of the genetic code?

• It determines how sequences of nucleotides are translated into proteins.

• It regulates the cell cycle and division.

• It is responsible for the structure of DNA.

• It controls the synthesis of carbohydrates.

What is a mutation?

• A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein function.

• A mutation is a type of protein that helps in DNA replication.

• A mutation is a virus that alters the genetic material of a host cell.

• A mutation is a process of cell division that results in two identical cells.

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes are the sites where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins from amino acids.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication in the nucleus.

• Ribosomes transport proteins to the Golgi apparatus for modification.

• Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids.

What type of bonds hold the bases together in the DNA double helix?

• Ionic bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Metallic bonds

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

• A type of protein that helps in DNA replication.

• A molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• A structure that forms the backbone of DNA.

What is the complementary mRNA base sequence for CAGTTCCAG?

• GUCAAGGUC

• CUGAACGUC

• CAGUUCCAG

• GUCAGGUCA

What occurs during DNA replication?

• DNA makes RNA.

• DNA makes proteins.

• DNA makes DNA.

• RNA makes DNA.