Chapter 25 Terms

Conscription

• A voluntary enlistment of citizens into the military.

• A military draft that requires citizens to serve in the military.

• A program for military training in schools.

• A type of military exercise conducted during peacetime.

Leon Trotsky

• A prominent Marxist revolutionary and leader of the Red Army

• A famous Russian novelist and playwright

• A key figure in the French Revolution

• A major general in the American Civil War

April Theses

• A series of directives issued by Vladimir Lenin in April 1917 advocating for immediate withdrawal from World War I and transfer of power to the Soviets.

• A document outlining the economic policies of the Provisional Government in Russia.

• A manifesto promoting the continuation of World War I to support the Allies.

• A collection of speeches by Tsar Nicholas II addressing the Russian people.

Western Front

• The main place of war during WWI.

• A peaceful negotiation area during WWI.

• A location for military training camps during WWI.

• A naval battle zone during WWI.

Discuss the immediate effects of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty on both Russia and Germany within the context of World War I.

• Russia experienced significant territorial gains, leading to increased stability.

• Germany faced immediate military setbacks, weakening their position on the Western Front.

• Russia experienced significant territorial losses, fueling the Russian Civil War.

• Germany was able to secure a decisive victory against American forces immediately after the treaty.

Militarism

• The belief that a country should have a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote its interests.

• The idea that military power should be minimized to promote peace and diplomacy.

• The concept that military alliances are unnecessary in modern warfare.

• The view that military spending should be reduced to allocate more funds for social programs.

Rasputin

• Born in Siberia in 1869 and became known as a holy man

• A famous Russian composer of the 19th century

• A military leader during World War I

• A prominent figure in the Russian Revolution

How did the concept of self-determination influence decolonization movements in the mid-20th century?

• It led to the establishment of colonial empires.

• It became a rallying cry for decolonization movements around the world after World War II.

• It was rejected by former colonies seeking independence.

• It had no significant impact on political change.

What were some psychological impacts of trench warfare on soldiers, particularly regarding shell shock?

• Many soldiers experienced shell shock due to continuous exposure to bombardments and horrific conditions.

• Soldiers became immune to fear and trauma after prolonged exposure to combat.

• Trench warfare had no significant psychological effects on soldiers.

• Most soldiers found camaraderie and support that alleviated their mental distress.

Triple Entente

• A formal military alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain

• An informal alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain formed to counterbalance the Triple Alliance

• A treaty signed in 1914 to support Germany

• A coalition of countries formed to promote peace in Europe