DNA and the Cell Cycle

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1. A segment of a DNA strand is GTC TAG. Which of the following is its complementary DNA strand?

• A. GTC TAG
• B. GUC UTG
• C. CAG AUC
• D. CAG ATC

2. An image of onion root cells is shown below. Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?

• A. Interphase
• B. Prophase
• C. Metaphase
• D. Anaphase

3. Which of the following factors determines the trait that a given gene will express?

• A. Type of gene being sequenced
• B. Sequence of the nitrogenous bases in the gene
• C. Number of times the gene appears
• D. The sugar-phosphate backbone.

4. In this model of the cell cycle, what do the two arrows represent?

• A. Arrow 1 represents prophase; arrow 2 represents interphase.
• B. Arrow 1 represents mitosis; arrow 2 represents meiosis.
• C. Arrow 1 represents interphase; arrow 2 represents mitosis.
• D. Arrow 1 represents meiosis; arrow 2 represents prophase.

5. The monomer of DNA, made up of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base, is known as a...

• A. nucleotide
• B. double helix
• C. polymer
• D. thymine

6. DNA replication would not be possible without two enzymes involved in this process: helicase and DNA polymerase. Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in cell processes?

• A. Enzymes slow down reaction rates by lowering the energy of activation of a reaction.
• B. Enzymes slow down reaction rates by raising the energy of activation of a reaction.
• C. Enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering the energy of activation of a reaction.
• D. Enzymes increase reaction rates by raising the energy of activation of a reaction.

7. Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with the frog DNA. The results provide evidence that...

• A. the genomes of frogs and fruit-flies contain the same components.
• B. fruit-flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits.
• C. heat can cause mutations in the DNA of the organisms.
• D. the replication of genetic material can occur at any material.