MWH Module 3 Section #10 Bellwork

Which Enlightenment idea argues that people are born with fundamental rights such as life, liberty, and property?

• Divine Right of Kings

• Natural Rights

• Absolutism

• Feudalism

Match each Enlightenment idea with its application in government.

• Natural Rights

• Inspired the Declaration of Independence

• Freedom of Speech

• Influenced the establishment of democratic principles

• Social Contract

• Applied in the U.S. Constitution and the U.S. and French political systems

• Separation of Powers

• Seen in the US Bill of Rights and new constitutions across Europe

The idea of ​ (a)   influenced the Declaration of Independence by asserting that people have rights that cannot be taken away. The concept of ​ (b)   led to the division of government into three branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

• Natural Rights
• Separation of Powers
• Feudalism
• Absolutism
• Nationalism
• Popular Sovereignty
• Freedom of Speech
• Social Contract

How did Natural Rights influence the creation of new governments?

• It justified absolute monarchy and divine rule by supporting the reinstatement of the French monarchy after Napoleon.

• It supported colonial rule and mercantilism through Nationalism and Social Contract theory.

• It encouraged censorship and restriction of speech by quoting Voltaire’s beliefs.

• It inspired the Declaration of Independence by stating that people have rights that must be protected by the government.

Match each Enlightenment thinker with their main idea.

• Montesquieu

• Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, Property

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Freedom of Speech and Religious Tolerance

• Voltaire

• Separation of Powers to prevent tyranny

• John Locke

• Social Contract and Popular Sovereignty

Match each power to the correct branch of government as influenced by the Enlightenment idea of Separation of Powers.

• Legislative Branch

• Makes laws

• Executive Branch

• Interprets laws

• Judicial Branch

• Enforces laws

How was Separation of Powers applied in new governments?

• It concentrated all power in the hands of a monarch.

• It eliminated the need for a legislative body.

• It divided government into three branches.

• It was only used in absolute monarchies.

Voltaire’s ideas on Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights by protecting individuals from ​ (a)   and religious persecution.

• Censorship
• Taxation
• Trial by Jury
• Prosecution

How was the Social Contract applied to new governments?

• It influenced democratic principles by stating that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.

• It argued for the divine right of kings as seen in the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights.

• It encouraged mercantilism and colonialism.

• It promoted absolute monarchies and the agreement of divine right of kings.

How were Separation of Powers and Freedom of Speech applied to new governments?

• They were applied in the U.S. and French systems and protected by the U.S. Bill of Rights.

• They promoted censorship and limited individual rights to protect the divine right of kings.

• They were only used in constitutional monarchies and were first seen in the English Bill of Rights.

• They supported absolutism and centralized power.