The Human Digestive System

Which of the following is not part of the human digestive system?

• Liver

• Heart

• Stomach

• Pancreas

Fill in the blank: The stomach contains less than ___ CFU/ml of microorganisms such as streptococci, staphylococci, and some fungi.

• 10^2 CFU/ml

• 10^3 CFU/ml

• 10^4 CFU/ml

Our body has how many times more gut microbes than human cells?

• 10 times

• 5 times

• 3 times

• 2 times

Which of the following is a dominant bacterial phylum?

• Bacteroidetes

• Ruminococcus

• Peptostreptococcus

• Escherichia

What is the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the context of the diagram?

• They aid in digestion and improve gut health.

• They are harmful to the digestive system.

• They have no effect on the body.

• They are used to treat infections.

According to Turnbaugh et al., 2006, how is the gut microbiome associated with obesity?

• The gut microbiome has no association with obesity.

• The gut microbiome is associated with increased energy harvest from the diet, contributing to obesity.

• The gut microbiome directly causes obesity by altering human DNA.

• The gut microbiome is associated with decreased energy harvest from the diet, preventing obesity.

What are prebiotics?

• Live microbes as bioactives

• Substances that are selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit

• Combinations of probiotics and prebiotics

Which of the following is a species of Bifidobacterium?

• B. acidophilus

• B. coli

• B. lactis

• B. cereus

What is the primary benefit of consuming dietary fibre in relation to gut health?

• It causes dehydration.

• It decreases the absorption of nutrients.

• It acts as a prebiotic, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.

• It increases cholesterol levels.

Which of the following is a common method to study the gut microbiome?

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Ultrasound imaging

• 16S rRNA gene sequencing

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)