Rough Draft - Enlightenment and Revolution

How did Cesare Beccaria view the role of government in people's lives?

• Governments should treat prisoners fairly and with respect.

• Governments should create laws advocating capital punishment.

• Governments should create laws that allow torture for political prisoners.

• Governments should allow political prisoners who have committed treason to go free.

Which composer's music is characteristic of the baroque period?

• Franz Joseph Haydn

• Johann Sebastian Bach

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Which of the following were causes championed by Enlightenment thinkers?

• divine right of kings

• separation of church and state

• censorship of the press

• promotion of capital punishment

Which of the following characteristics of the American government reflects the enlightened thought of Voltaire?

• Federalism

• Republicanism

• checks and balances

• Bill of Rights

Which portion of the U.S. Bill of Rights was inspired by the writings of Cesare Beccaria

• ...nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted

• Congress shall make no law ... [denying] the freedom of speech

• Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion ...

• The rights of the people ... against unreasonable searches and seizures

Why did many ancient Greek astronomers believe in a geocentric explanation of our universe?

• They relied on the conclusions of earlier civilizations.

• They rarely relied on experimentation to answer their questions.

• Their observations led to the conclusion that the sun revolved around them.

• Their observations relied on flawed mathematical calculations about distance.

Why did Nicolaus Copernicus wait until late in his life to publish his theory of a heliocentric universe?

• He feared criticism from politicians.

• He risked punishment by church officials.

• He had little money to hire a printer of his work.

• He needed to be sure of his mathematical calculations.

Why did most scholars during the Middle Ages rarely challenge existing scientific beliefs?

• They feared punishment from religious authorities

• They lacked sophisticated research techniques

• They believed traditional knowledge was inherently superior

• Academic institutions discouraged intellectual exploration

The Scientific Revolution's approach to knowledge can best be described as:

• Dogmatic and unchanging

• Flexible and evidence-driven

• Purely theoretical

• Exclusively technological

With which statement would Thomas Hobbes agree?

• An absolute monarch rules with the consent of his people.

• An absolute monarch can best guarantee law and order.

• Individuals have the most freedom under an absolute monarch.

• People are basically good and an absolute monarch protects them.