Causes of Political Revolutions

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophes, such as separation of powers, and checks and balances influence the revolutions of the 18th century?

• Their ideas became incorporated into constitutional documents

• They led to the establishment of monarchies

• They resulted in the decline of religious influence

• They promoted the idea of absolute power for rulers

What legal precedent was established through the signing of the Magna Carta in England?

• That the king can do whatever he wants

• That no leader/ruler is above the law

• That all citizens must pay taxes

• That the church has more power than the state

How are U.S. citizens guaranteed specific legal protections?

• Through the Bill of Rights in the Constitution

• Through state laws and regulations

• Through the Declaration of Independence

• Through international treaties and agreements

The American and French revolutions both had one similar result

• The citizens gained more political rights

• The monarchies were strengthened

• Economic stability was achieved

• Colonial territories were expanded

Montesquieu's idea of________ influenced leaders of the American colonies in the creation of the U.S. government

• Checks and Balances

• Federalism

• Separation of Powers

• Judicial Review

Which Enlightenment Philosophe argued that men are born free and remain free and equal in rights, especially those of life, liberty, and property?

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Voltaire

• Thomas Hobbes

One goal of the Congress of Vienna following the defeat of Napoleon was

• to restore the balance of power in Europe

• to promote democracy in France

• to expand the territory of Prussia

• to establish a monarchy in Italy

A government divided into three branches reflects the constitutional principle of...

• Separation of Powers

• Checks and Balances

• Federalism

• Judicial Review

The American revolution was fought to gain independence from a colonial power, while the French revolution was fought to

• establish a monarchy

• replace the existing political and social order

• expand colonial territories

• promote religious freedom

A major cause to the start of the independence movement in the American colonies was

• the lack of representation by the colonists in Parliament

• the desire for more land and resources

• the influence of European monarchies

• the establishment of a national bank