AP Biology: Unit 4 Review (CED)
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Biology
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9th - 12th Grade
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Hard
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is signal transduction?
Back
Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events, leading to a cellular response.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What are ligands in the context of signal transduction?
Back
Ligands are molecules that bind to receptors on the cell surface, initiating the signal transduction pathway.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What role do secondary messengers play in signal transduction?
Back
Secondary messengers amplify the signal received by the receptor and help propagate the signal within the cell.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Define positive feedback in biological systems.
Back
Positive feedback is a mechanism that amplifies responses and processes in biological organisms, often leading to a greater change in the same direction.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is negative feedback?
Back
Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism that counteracts a change, helping to maintain homeostasis in biological systems.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
Back
A phosphorylation cascade is a series of chemical reactions during which a series of proteins are phosphorylated, leading to a significant amplification of the signal.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the role of cyclin in the cell cycle?
Back
Cyclin is a protein that regulates the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs), which are essential for cell cycle progression.
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